Ensuring observations with minimal Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a fundamental challenge in radio astronomy. To address this issue, the Uirapuru radiotelescope — a prototype horn for the BINGO telescope — was used to monitor and map the RFI environment in the 960 MHz to 1260 MHz range (L-band). This dissertation describes the assembly of the Uirapuru receiving system and presents its initial results, with data processed by the SKARAB digital backend.

Initial tests demonstrate that the system is capable of accurately mapping the RFI environment. Data analysis allowed for the identification and differentiation of signalsfrom various Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations, such as GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou. By applying the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) method, it was possible to statistically describe the detected RFIs. Furthermore, system calibration via the Y-Factor method provided data in known physical quantities, enabling a viable interpretation of the collected information.

These results not only validate the performance of the Uirapuru/SKARAB setup but also establish the necessary foundation for developing flagging algorithms to mitigate RFI in future BINGO telescope data.

The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics is a highly developed theory, since its theoretical predictions show excellent agreement with experimental data. One example of this is the confirmation of the Higgs boson at the LHC in July 2012. Despite its success, the SM is unable to explain several fundamental phenomena, such as the unification of the four fundamental interactions and the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we address one of the problems that has been investigated since the 1950s but has gained prominence in the last two decades in Particle Physics: the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. It is currently known that the muon has a gyromagnetic factor (g) which, according to Dirac’s theory, is equal to 2. Nevertheless, experiments show that this factor deviates from that value. One of the first experiments to demonstrate this deviation with high precision was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory: Experiment (E821), in 2001. In this first stage of the research, we determine the value of the gyromagnetic factor via the Dirac equation, as well as the deviation of g within the SM. We also highlight the main experiments that measured this factor. Finally, in our conclusion, we leave open the choice of the model that we will adopt in order to resolve this problem at the end of the research.

A strategic approach combining green synthesis with the coprecipitation method was employed to obtain nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs). In the main synthesis (Sample 3), tomato juice was used as a biological agent, whose rich biomolecular composition acted synergistically as chelating, stabilizing, and morphology-modifying agents, as confirmed by the characterization results. Owing to its high water content (~94%), the use of tomato juice eliminated the need for distilled water in the precursor solution, contributing to a more sustainable synthesis route. Two control samples were prepared for comparison: Sample 1, synthesized without a biological agent, and Sample 2, synthesized using a 98% concentrated lycopene extract to isolate its interaction with Ni2+ and O2− ions during NiO formation. All samples were calcined at temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 650 °C, in 100 °C increments, and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the NiO phase in Sample 3, with crystallite sizes between 11.54 nm and 51.74 nm, indicating effective chelation up to 550 °C. SEM observations revealed improved nanoparticle dispersion at lower temperatures and the development of pseudo-octahedral structures at 650 °C. UV–Vis results suggested the presence of amorphous carbonized organic matter in Sample 3,as no systematic reduction in the optical band gap was observed with increasing calcination temperature. VSM measurements showed a ferromagnetic contribution superimposed on antiferromagnetic behavior in all samples, with Sample 3 exhibiting the lowest magnetic parameters (H_c, M_r, and M_s). Overall, the results demonstrate that the biomolecular matrix of tomato juice is a promising agent for achieving enhanced control over the structural and magnetic properties of NiO nanoparticles.