Use of silicon and a bioinoculant to mitigate water stress in a yellow passion fruit cultivar
Passiflora edulis; PGPR (plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria); beneficial microorganisms; biostimulants; Auras®; microbial respiration; microbial biomass; metabolic quotient.
Yellow passion fruit production is often limited by water scarcity, making biotechnological strategies necessary to ensure seedling quality. This study investigated the synergistic effects of Bacillus aryabhattai (Auras®) and silicon (Si) as water-deficit mitigators in Passiflora edulis seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Catolé do Rocha, PB, Brazil, using 4-dm³ plastic bags. A randomized block design with a 4 × 3 + 2 factorial scheme was adopted, testing four levels of available water content (AWC: 50, 60, 70, and 80%) combined with three mitigation strategies (Auras, Si, and Auras + Si), in addition to two additional controls (50% and 100% AWC). Water deficit severely compromised soil growth and biological activity; however, the mitigation treatments significantly improved physiological and biochemical responses. The Auras + Si combination was the most effective, promoting greater membrane stability, pigment retention, and vigorous growth even under 50% AWC. Furthermore, this interaction optimized soil microbial biomass and reduced the metabolic quotient by 56.7% compared to the control under stress. These results demonstrate that the combined application of B. aryabhattai and silicon effectively mitigates the negative impacts of water scarcity on the early development of passion fruit seedlings and on soil microbial activity.